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.          CUMBERLAND FAMILY TREE - Professional Version 4.1

      Copyright 1991-93 Cumberland Family Software
     All rights reserved

     LHA Archive utility
   Copyright Haruyasu Yoshizaki, 1988-91

.                     CUMBERLAND FAMILY SOFTWARE
    385 Idaho Springs Road
    Clarksville, TN 37043
         615 647-4012

.               For Technical Support call 615 647-4012

 GEDCOM output has been approved by the LDS Church for
   submission to the Ancestral File and Temple Work.

.====================================================================
.TABLE OF CONTENTS
 (Same as Detailed Reference Section of Printed Manual) Line #
 --------------------------------------------------------------------
    Chapter 1. The Help System ................. 114
    Chapter 2. The Main Screen ................. 146
    Chapter 3. Changing the Key Individual ..... 182
       A. Change to Spouse/Father/Mother ... 189
       B. Change to Child .................. 196
       C. Change to Other Marriage ......... 207
       D. NameSearch ....................... 224
       E. Tree ............................. 250
       F. Change by Entering RIN ........... 261
       G. Adoptions ........................ 267
    Chapter 4.  The Individual Editor ........... 319
       A. General Information .............. 322
       B. The Name Field ................... 352
       C. Events ........................... 394
       D. Sure Fields ...................... 426
       E. Date Fields ...................... 435
       F. Place Fields ..................... 479
       G. Flags ............................ 573
       H. Sources .......................... 582
       I. Documents ........................ 596
    Chapter 5. F2-File Menu .................... 617
       A. User Information ................. 627
       B. User Configuration ............... 637
       C. Clear Current Database ........... 700
       D. Database Selection ............... 705
       E. Program Configuration ............ 736
    i. General Information ...... 738
   ii. Printer Definition ....... 788
       F. Exit to DOS ...................... 814
    Chapter 6. F3-Edit Menu .................... 819
       A. Edit Marriage .................... 821
       B. Edit Notes ....................... 847
    i. The Wordprocessor ........ 857
   ii. Cut & Paste Features ..... 910
  iii. F2-Copy Menu ............. 952
       C. Add Individual (No Links) ........ 989
       D. Insert Child .................... 1005
       E. Delete Individual ............... 1015
    Chapter 7. F4-Relations Menu .............. 1028
       A. Relationship Calculator ......... 1031
       B. Children Order .................. 1059
       C. Multiple Marriage Order ......... 1068
       D. Linkage Editor .................. 1079
       E. Merge Individuals ............... 1146
    Chapter 8. F5-Search Menu ................. 1164
       A. Names, Soundex, Occupation, Place,
     and Sources ................... 1174
       B. Events and Flags ................ 1211
       C. Relationships ................... 1240
       D. Text Files ...................... 1262
    Chapter 9.  F6-Standard Reports ........... 1271
       A. General Information ............. 1274
       B. The On-Screen Viewer ............ 1333
       C. Pedigree Charts ................. 1342
       D. Ahnentafel Reports .............. 1379
       E. Poster Pedigree ................. 1388
       F. Descendants Reports ............. 1403
       G. Modified Register Report ........ 1409
       H. Family Group Sheets ............. 1421
       I. Document/Scratch Pad Report ..... 1434
    Chapter 10. F6-Lists & Other Reports ...... 1442
       A. Individual and Marriage Lists ... 1445
       B. Place List ...................... 1542
       C. Address List and Mailing Labels . 1560
       D. Individual Summaries ............ 1570
       E. Statistic Report ................ 1578
       F. Time Line Report ................ 1591
       G. Surname Frequency Report ........ 1612
    Chapter 11. F6-Indexed Book ............... 1619
       A. Overview ........................ 1622
       B. Creating the Outline and Reports  1642
    Chapter 12. F7-Utilities .................. 1714
       A. Scratch Pad/ Document Editor .... 1717
       B. Creating Addresses .............. 1740
       C. Date Calculator ................. 1762
       D. Import/Export Features .......... 1790
    i. GEDCOM Import ............ 1797
   ii. GEDCOM Export ............ 1860
  iii. ASCII Text Import ........ 1916
   iv. Import/Export Address File 1934
       E. Place Name Editor ............... 1956
    i. Edit Place Name .......... 1963
   ii. Delete Place Name ........ 1973
  iii. Match/Merge Place Names .. 1986
       F. Event/Flag Editor ............... 1999
    Chapter 13. BackUp and Restore Utilities .. 2032
    Chapter 14. The CSORT Utility ............. 2077
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
       Appendix A: Trouble Shooting ..................... 2107
       Appendix B: Error Messages ....................... 2176

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 1.  THE HELP SYSTEM

 The first three sections of the printed manual are contained in
 these Help Screens: Installation, Tutorial, and Detailed Reference.
 The DOS for Beginners, Climbing your Family Tree and Producing Your
 Family History Book are not included in these Help Screens.

 The Help System works by opening a screen into the on-disk manual
 called MANUAL.TXT. The Help System is context sensitive.  It opens
 the text file to the location explaining the option you are
 currently using.  There are also three help options to help you find
 the information and help you need.

 1. F2-INDEX. This option opens a pop-up window with a list of
    indexed topics. The topics are entered alphabetically and you can
    quickly find what you are interested in by beginning to type the
    name of the topic. As the letters you type appear at the top of
    the window, the list will automatically scroll to the nearest
    alphabetical location in the list. You may also page-up and page-
    down. Use the arrow keys to select your topic and press the enter
    key to select it. The on-line Manual-Help System will immediately
    open to the appropriate location.

 2. F3-LINE. This option allows you to enter the line number in the
    help text file which you wish to quickly go to.

 3. F4-SEARCH. You may press F4 and enter any word.  The Help System
    will search the manual for the word entered, beginning at the
    current location.  If the word is found it will display the page
    with the word highlighted.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 2.  THE MAIN SCREEN

 The main program screen consists of one family group.  The key
 individual is the first one at the top.  Associated with that
 individual is the spouse, parents and children of that marriage.
 Adding or editing an individual is as simple as pointing to the
 appropriate location and pressing the enter/return key to bring up
 the Individual Edit Screen.

 At the top left of the screen is printed the User Name and Reports
 Title which can be edited by the User Information selection from the
 F2-File menu. Also at the top left is shown the name of the
 currently in-use database. Just above the Family Group is a list of
 the available menus. At the very bottom of the screen is a list of
 single character commands which allows the displayed Family Group to
 be changed.  Each of the function key pull-down menus and the bottom
 single-character commands will be explained in detail in the
 following chapters.

 To the left of each individual name on the main screen are a column
 of numbers representing the number of marriages for that individual.
 For the first four individuals (the key individual, spouse, father
 and mother) there are two numbers, such as "1/2".  The second number
 indicates the number of marriages for that individual and the first
 number indicates the marriage number of the currently shown spouse.
 A set of numbers such as "2/4" indicates that the currently shown
 spouse is the second of four marriages.

 There is also a column marked at the top with "Adp".  An asterisk
 "*" in this column indicates that person does have adopted parents,
 an "A" indicates that the parents shown in this group are adopted
 parents, an "N" indicates that the parents shown are natural parents
 and that the person does have adopted parents also.  If a person has
 no adopted parents, no character will be shown in this column.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 3.  CHANGING THE KEY INDIVIDUAL

 The current Family Group can be changed by pressing the first letter
 of the choices shown at the bottom of the screen.  (All change keys
 refer to changing the Key Individual.)

.A. CHANGE TO SPOUSE/FATHER/MOTHER

 The first three items, Father, Mother, and Spouse, will immediately
 change the key individual to the father, mother or currently shown
 spouse of the current key individual.  Press an "F" to change to the
 father, "M" to change to the mother and "S" to change to the spouse.

.B. CHANGE TO CHILD

 If you are pointing to a child, pressing a "C" will automatically
 cause that child to become the key individual.

 If you are not pointing at a child, pressing a "C" will cause a pop-
 up window to appear, listing all of the children of the current
 Family Group.  Pointing and pressing enter/return for the desired
 child will cause the key individual to be changed to the selected
 child.

.C. CHANGE TO OTHER MARRIAGE

 Pressing an "O" will cause a pop-up window to appear, showing all
 spouses for the current key individual.  Use the pointer to select
 the spouse you wish to show as the spouse of the key individual,
 then press enter.  Only the children associated with that marriage
 should be included on the main family group.

 This screen is also used for adding other marriages.  To add another
 spouse, simply point to the "Add Marriage" item and press
 enter/return.  An edit screen will appear requesting the name of the
 spouse, followed by a marriage screen.

 Deleting a marriage will remove the marriage, but not the
 individuals. This option could result in individuals not tied to the
 main family structure.

.D. NAMESEARCH

 Pressing an "N" will bring up a pop-up window allowing you to select
 an individual by name. As you will see the names are listed in
 surname alphabetical order.  You can page down or page up while in
 the name search.  However, there is a very easy way to select the
 individual you wish without paging down forever.  At the top of the
 NameSearch screen, you will see the following "[Surname, Given]".
 Simply begin to enter the surname. You will see it appear in the
 block at the top and the screen scrolling immediately as you enter
 the name. Once the surname is entered, enter a comma and a space
 before entering the given name. You can enter as many or as few
 characters as you wish. If you are searching for a name without a
 surname, first enter a comma, then a space, then the given names:
 Example: ", Joseph" . You can page down or up from wherever you are.
 Simply point at the individual you want and press the enter key to
 select.

 You will also notice that to help you select the appropriate
 individual, there is some more information to the right of the name:
 the birth year, Sex, number of marriages "No MR", whether that
 individual has parents "Pr", and whether they have adopted parents
 "Ad".  Thus, if you have different individuals with the same name
 (as occurs often in extended families) you will be able to identify
 the right person.

.E. TREE

 Pressing a "T" will bring up a pedigree diagram with the key
 individual at the far left. Using the arrow keys allows you to move
 up and down the tree.  Pressing the up or down arrow key at the far
 right will cause the tree to shift one generation.  Pressing the
 left arrow key to the far left will cause the Child selection screen
 to appear.  After selecting a child, the tree will shift down one
 generation.  Pressing return on any individual will request them as
 the key individual.

.F. CHANGE BY ENTERING RIN

 By pressing an "R", any RIN (Record Identification Number) in the
 entire database may be requested as the key individual.  You will
 not be allowed to request a deleted RIN.

.G. ADOPTIONS

 A person can only have two sets of parents in Cumberland Family
 Tree, a set of natural parents and a set of adopted parents.  The
 adoption function works differently depending on which individual
 you are pointing at. Pressing the "A" has no effect if you are
 pointing at the spouse, father or mother.

 If you are pointing at a child, pressing an "A" will mark that child
 as being adopted by the current key individual and spouse, as long
 as that individual does not already have adopted parents.  Pressing
 an "A" while pointing at a child will only work if there is not an
 "A" or "N" already to the left of his/her name.  See the explanation
 above, under the Main Screen, for a clearer understanding of the
 characters displayed for adoptions.

 If you are pointing at the key individual, pressing an "A" will
 cause the father and mother to toggle between the natural and
 adopted parents. To help you better understand this I will explain
 the exact method of entering natural and adopted parents for a given
 key individual.

 Suppose you have an individual "Joseph P.  Tuttle", who you know
 both his natural and adopted parents. Bring Joe up as the key
 individual and add his natural parents through the "Add Father" and
 "Add Mother" options just as you normally would. Now to add his
 adopted parents, simply point to the key individual and press "A".
 You will see an "A" appear to the left of his name and his natural
 parents will be gone. You will see that you can now use the "Add
 Father" and "Add Mother" functions to add his adopted parents. The
 "A" to the left of Joe's name will remind you that these are his
 adopted parents.

 To toggle back to his natural parents, point to Joe and press "A"
 again. You will see his natural parents appear in the Father and
 Mother locations. You will also notice an "N" to the left of Joe's
 name. This is to remind you that although these are Joe's natural
 parents, he does have a set of adopted parents.

 You can also add a set of adopted parents for an individual, even
 though you do not know his/her natural parents. Simply, do not add
 the father and mother as in the above example, press "A" and add his
 adopted parents. The natural parent slots will simply remain empty.
 You can also simply add the adopted child as a child while the
 adopted parents are the key individual and spouse, point to the
 child and press the "A" key.

 If there is a mix-up in the adoptions and you do not wish to delete
 any names from the database, the Linkage Editor does contain an
 option to link and un-link adopted parents as well as natural
 parents. See the Linkage Editor for more details.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 4.  THE INDIVIDUAL EDITOR

.A. GENERAL INFORMATION

 To edit an existing individual or add a new individual use the up
 and down cursor keys to "point" to the appropriate individual or
 "Add".  Simply press the return key to pop-up the individual editor.

 With this option you can only add new individuals to a family.  If
 you need to include an individual in the family who is already in
 the database you need to use the Linkage Editor.  If you need to add
 an individual who is not tied to anyone in the family structure use
 the "Add Individual [No Link]" from the F3-Edit menu.

 If you have just added the spouse of an existing individual, you
 will automatically be presented with the Edit Marriage screen.  This
 is to avoid having you forget to enter marriage information for a
 couple.

 In the following topics I will explain each of the fields shown on
 the Individual Edit Screen.

 The occupation field really needs no explanation.  You may enter
 anything you wish into this field.

 In the Sex Field, you may only enter three different characters,
 "M", "F", or "?".  Sometimes the field will automatically contain an
 "F" or "M" if the sex is obvious to the program when adding a new
 individual.  Otherwise enter the sex as appropriate.  A question
 mark is only allowed if the individual is not married.  A marriage
 is not allowed if the individual's sex is "?".

.B. THE NAME FIELD

 A persons name should always be shown in it's proper order with
 surnames in CAPITAL LETTERS.  DO NOT show last name first, comma,
 given names (BROWN, Edward Joseph). You should always put slashes
 "/" around a surname, regardless of the location of the surname.
 The brackets will only appear around the surname in the individual
 editor. They will not appear on any other screen or report.
 Bracketing off the surname allows the program to sort individual
 names by surname regardless of the location within the name. It is
 also common to capitalize the surname, however, that is left up to
 your discretion.  Below are examples of appropriate names:

 Standard English/American:
       Ira Johan LUND
 Scandinavian name with appended ancestry locality name:
       Johan Severin SVENDSEN Rage
 Oriental (Surnames always first):
       ZHENG Chooi Fong

 If you must include titles or other unusual features, simply include
 them in proper order as in the following names (shown with the
 brackets):

 Dr. George F. /SMART/, M.D.
 Frederick Ferdinand /ALBERTSON/ III
 Mary Ellen /SMITH-BROWN/
 Arnold William /FITZGERALD/, Jr.

 If a child is being added, the surname of the father will
 automatically appear in the name field in brackets.  If the father
 of the key individual is being added, the key individual's surname
 will automatically appear in the name field in brackets. If the
 surname is different, simply type over or use the ctrl_end key to
 clear the field.

 You will notice that as soon as you press enter after entering the
 name, a soundex number will be shown. This is a special number based
 on the surname used by some census and research locations.  See The
 Soundex System in the section on Climbing Your Family Tree later in
 the printed manual.

.C. EVENTS

 Including user-defined events is very flexible with Cumberland
 Family Tree. Supplied with the program is a list of GEDCOM standard
 events which can be accessed under the F7-Utilities menu/ Events
 Editor.  You can even add to this list. (See the details on this
 later in the manual.)

 Normally you would set up the list of events in the F2-File/ User
 Configuration option, that you would normally like included with
 each individual. See that option for more details. However, with
 each individual you can add or subtract events specifically for that
 individual.

 I will first explain how to add and remove events from the
 Individual Editor. Then I will explain in detail the three fields
 associated with each event.

 To add a new event to an individual you must have the cursor on the
 line where you wish to insert a new event.  (It does not matter
 whether the cursor is on the Sure, Date or Place field.) Press F5 to
 Add an Event and you will see the list of events appear. You may
 page down for more events. Point at the desired event and press the
 return key. The selected event will appear on the line your cursor
 was on and the following events will be pushed down to the next
 line.

 To remove an event, place the cursor on the line you wish to remove.
 (It does not matter whether the cursor is on the Sure, Date or Place
 field.) Press F6 to remove that event. The following events will be
 moved up one line.

.D. SURE FIELDS

 You may enter a number from 0 to 3 in this field.  It is used to
 indicate the certainty you have in the date and place entered for
 that event. If you are absolutely certain of the information, enter
 a 3. If you are totally uncertain, enter a 0. All sure fields
 default to 0 when an individual is first added.  The only report
 that this field is printed on is the individual list.

.E. DATE FIELDS

 The date fields are free-format. You may enter anything up to 20
 characters. All of the following would be valid to enter in the date
 field:

 Jan 23, 1992
 23 Feb 1988
 Christmas 1966
 12/06/73

 However, may I suggest that you should be very careful about the
 date you enter. Although the program will not be upset with the last
 entry (12/06/73), you will definitely cause much anguish for those
 reading your material.  Is that date December 6th or June 12th?  Is
 it 1973 or 1873?

 I would suggest that you stick to the genealogical standard of
 entering dates, which is the format: DD MMM YYYY. For example: 12
 JUN 1874 and 20 Apr 1991. (To keep matters clear it is normal to
 write the date shown in the document you are using, rather than
 trying to convert to the Gregorian calendar.) You might wish to read
 the chapter on Dates and Calendars later in the printed manual.

 To allow added flexibility, you can set the default date entry
 format with the F2-File/ Program Configuration option. You may
 select one of six different date entry formats. When entering dates
 with your selected format, the date will automatically be converted
 to the standard DD MMM YYYY format. If you enter in anything which
 does not follow the format you have configured, no change will take
 place, ie.  the field remains free-format. Please read the Detailed
 Reference section on F2-File/ Program Configuration.

 Let me make one thing clear about entering the date formats.  The
 character used for spacing can be any non-alpha-numeric character.
 Thus if you selected the date entry option of MM/DD/YYYY, you could
 enter January 12th, 1956 as 01/12/1956 or 01-12-1956 or 01 12 1956.

 Let me also warn you that there are a couple of reports which rely
 on the standard date format: the statistics report and the time line
 report. To calculate ages and show years, the date must be in the
 expected format or the dates will be treated as though they were
 left blank in these reports.

.F. PLACE FIELDS

 Although the displayed place name in the Individual Editor is only
 32 characters long, you may actually enter place names up to 60
 characters long.  As you are entering the name you will see the
 field scroll to the left when you get past 32 characters.

 Place names usually consist of three (occasionally two or four)
 names: City, County/Province, State/Country. To save space I do not
 enter "spaces" after the commas.  Below are several examples of
 place names:

 Clarksville,Montgomery,Tennessee
 Stavanger,Rogaland,Norway
 Logan,Cache,Utah
 Mosbjerg,Hjorring,Denmark

 You may also enter other information here if you wish. For example
 you might wish to include a Cemetery name for a burial or a church
 name for a baptism or christening. Here are a couple of examples:

 St. John's Church,High Street,Malvern,England
 Rose Cemetery,Nashville,Davidson,Tennessee

 You only need enter a place name once. If the place name you wish to
 use is already in the database there are several ways you can "re-
 enter" that name.  If you re-type the name, no new place name will
 be added to the place name file. But you must enter the name exactly
 identical to the way it was entered the first time or it will create
 a new place name.  If you have done this accidently, use the Merge
 Place Name option under the F7-Utilities/Edit Place Name function.

 There are three ways you can select a place name that has already
 been entered in the place name file:

 1. If the record number of the desired place name is known, simply
    enter the number in the place name field.  After pressing the
    return key, the place name will be automatically filled in.

 2. If you cannot remember the number of the place name desired you
    can press F4-Num-Place to access a
    pop up screen which lists the place names sorted by their record
    numbers.  You may use the cursor keys to point at the name
    desired and press enter to select.

 3. Another method (probably the one you will use the most) is with
    the F3-Alpha-Place command.  Before pressing F3 you may enter the
    first few letters of the name desired.  Thus when F3 is entered,
    the pop-up list of place names will begin with place names coming
    alphabetically after the entered letters. For example, if the
    name you want to access is 'Stavanger,Rogaland,Norway', first
    type  in any number of the first few letters, such as 'Sta'.
    Then press F3 and the pop-up screen will list all names currently
    in the place name file beginning with the letters 'Sta'.

    Once you have the place name screen open, you can immediately
    jump around by pressing a letter of the alphabet. The list of
    place names will immediately change to where the first name
    following the letter you pressed appears at the top of the list.

 For those using the LDS ordinance events (BAPL, ENDL, SLGC, SLGS)
 you can enter the temple code in the place name field.  Several
 typical temple codes are listed below:

 AL - Cardston, Alberta, Canada
 AT - Atlanta, Georgia
 AZ - Mesa, Arizona
 IF - Idaho Falls, Idaho
 JR - Jordan River, Utah
 LA - Los Angeles, California
 LD - London, England
 LG - Logan, Utah
 OG - Ogden, Utah
 OK - Oakland, California
 PV - Provo, Utah
 SG - St. George, Utah
 SL - Salt Lake City, Utah
 SW - Bern, Switzerland

 Please use the following abbreviations (all in Capital Letters) to
 indicate the indicated conditions. These are standard LDS
 abbreviations.

 BIC        Born in the Covenant.
 STILLBORN  Stillborn.
 DNS        Do not seal.
 INFANT     Infant, do not do ordinance work.
 COMPLETED  Work has been completed - Temple Unknown.
 DONE       Work has been done - Temple Unknown.
 SUBMITTED  Previously submitted for temple work,
     but has not been completed.
 DO NOT CLEAR  Do not clear for temple ordinances
        Used for sending info to temple

.G. FLAGS

 The tab key toggles between the event fields and the flag fields.
 In the flag field you may enter only a "Y" or "N". You set the flags
 in the F2-File/ User Configuration option. You cannot change the
 flags for each individual. They are set for the entire database.
 See the more complete explanation on flags under the F2-File/ User
 Configuration option explanation later in this manual.

.H. SOURCES

 Press F2 from the Individual Edit screen (shown at bottom of screen)
 and you will see the Source note screen appear. You may enter a one
 line note for each event. (See the chapter on Citing Sources in the
 Section on Climbing Your Family Tree later in this manual for
 information on how best to document your research.)

 When you press "Esc" from the Source Note screen to return to the
 individual edit screen you will notice that for each event which you
 included a source note, a red asterisk appears to the right of that
 event.  This is to remind you that you have included source notes
 for those events.

.I. DOCUMENTS

 From the source note screen you may wish to attach a document.  In
 Cumberland Family Tree, a "document" refers to a text entry of up to
 300 lines accessed from the F7-Utilities/Documents Editor or from
 the Source Note screen.  You make a source note refer to a document
 by pressing F2 from the source note screen, pointing the appropriate
 document and pressing "enter".  You may also edit the document from
 the source note screen by pressing the F3 key, after the document
 has been attached.

 Not all documents need to be attached to source notes.  You can
 enter a document from the F7-Utilities menu and keep it in the file
 simply for reference purposes. You can also attach the document to
 more than one individual. You can only attach documents from the
 source note screen.

 When a document has been attached to a source note, you will see a
 red star appear to the right of the source note. Press the "Esc" key
 to exit from any screen.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 5.  F2-FILE MENU

 The six function keys, F2 through F7, are pull down menus.  Once one
 menu is pulled-down, you can rotate between the menus using the
 right and left arrow keys. Notice that some menu items have short-
 cut keys shown to the right of the menu item, usually control keys.
 These items can be accessed with the appropriate key without
 accessing the pull-down menu.

.A. USER INFORMATION

 The User Information Editor is the access to your name and address
 and the Report Title printed on many of the reports.  Your name and
 address are printed on pedigree charts, family group sheets and the
 title page of the indexed book. They are also used in the GEDCOM
 Export files. The Report Title is printed at the top of every
 report.  The User name and Reports Title are also displayed on the
 main screen.

.B. USER CONFIGURATION

 Under the User Configuration you will see a set of three lists:
 Individual Events, Marriage Events and Individual Flags.  You can
 toggle between the lists with the tab key.  The options set here
 must be set for each database you create under the "Database
 Selection" option of the F2-File menu.

 For the Individual Events you will want to select the events which
 you will use most commonly.  I would suggest that these four may be
 the list you wish to use: BIRT (birth), CHR (christening), DEAT
 (death) and BURI (burial). These four events are automatically
 installed into the user configuration whenever you create a new
 database. You may delete them from the user configuration if you
 wish to change them. If you are LDS you will also want to include
 these three events: BAPL (LDS baptism), ENDL (endowment), and SLGC
 (sealed to parents).  These events are shown on the individual edit
 screen each time you create a new individual.  Remember that you may
 delete or add new events to each individual as required for that
 specific individual.  To add an event, simply point at the location
 you wish to add the event and press the return key. A list of events
 will appear. You may page down for more events.  Point at the
 desired event and press return.

 For the Marriage Events, you will notice that you cannot change the
 first event - MARR (marriage).  In fact, you cannot remove this
 event from an individual marriage either. This event must remain on
 all marriage records. However, just as with the individual events
 you may remove and add to individual screens.  Unless you have a
 large number of divorces in your genealogy, you may wish not to add
 the DIV (divorce) event now, but to add it later to the particular
 marriages which require it. The MARR event is the only event which I
 suggest you set in the Database Configuration. If you are LDS you
 will also want to add the SLGS (seal to spouse) event here.

 Remember that although marriage and individual events are both in
 the Event file and it is possible to put any event in either the
 individual or marriage screen, you should put events into the
 appropriate place. In other words, you should not include the MARR,
 DIV or other marriage type events into the Individual edit screen.
 Nor should you put individual events such as BIRT, DEAT, etc.  into
 the Marriage Edit Screen.  Although this will be okay if you wish
 for your own purposes, it will cause problems if you ever try to
 export your data via GEDCOM to another program.

 The are no standard flags. You may set these up any way you wish.
 Some people may wish to track the education level or the health
 history of their family with these flags. As an example you might
 wish to include a set of flags such as those in which come with the
 program on education levels: DROP (high school dropout), HS (high
 school graduate), BS (Bachelor of Science), etc. When entering
 information on an individual you can only assign two values to a
 flag, either "Y"es or "N"o.

 REMEMBER, that you cannot change the flags within each individual as
 you can events.  Once you have defined the flags for use with a
 particular database and have started setting individuals flags, do
 not change the order or the flags. When you set the first flag for
 an individual to "Y"es, it will remain "Y"es even if you later come
 into the User Configuration and change which flag is first. If you
 do want to change the flag names in the User Configuration, you must
 go back through every individual and reset the flags.

.C. CLEAR CURRENT DATABASE

 This option will delete all data entered into the currently active
 database.  Use this option with caution!

.D. DATABASE SELECTION

 You may create up to 250 separate databases in Cumberland Family
 Tree. All of the databases will be created and must reside in the
 same sub-directory as the program resides. You will notice that a
 database name contains from 1 to 5 characters. After you have
 created a database, you will notice in your sub-directory (while you
 are in DOS) a set of files, all beginning with the database name you
 gave it under this option.

 To create a new database, simply press the insert key and enter a 1
 to 5 character name. You will see a message indicating that the
 database files are being created.  You will not be allowed to create
 a new database with the same name of an existing one.

 If you wish to delete a database, point at the database you wish to
 delete and press the delete key.  This will delete all the database
 files and reference to that database in the DBLIST.DAT file. You
 will be asked to verify the deletion before it takes place.  DO NOT
 delete a group of files associated with a database at the DOS
 prompt. The name of the database will not be deleted in the
 DBLIST.DAT file and could possibly cause a difficult program error,
 especially if the deleted files belonged to the "Current" database.
 Always delete a database from within "Database Selection".

 You also use this option to switch between databases. Simply point
 to the database you wish to make current and press the return key.
 After you have escaped all the way back to the main screen you will
 see the user name, title and current database name change at the top
 of the screen.

.E. PROGRAM CONFIGURATION

.i. General Information

 In this option you will configure a group of 5 options which only
 need be set once, no matter how many databases you set up.  To set
 any option, simply point to it and press the enter key. Each option
 will be described below, temporarily skipping the "Printer" option,
 as it is will take the longest time to explain.

 You set the printer port, the printer country code and the date
 field by simply selecting from the options presented. If you do not
 know what your printer port is, it is probably LPT1.

 In order for the printer country codes to work properly, the
 appropriate country code for your printer must be set in the printer
 definition as explained below. Almost all of the pre-configured
 printers sent with the program already have properly set country
 codes.

 The pedigree line code is the character which is used to draw
 horizontal and vertical lines on the printed pedigree charts. A
 simple dash "-" will work for the horizontal line for all printers.
 If you are using a laser printer a dash will show up as a dashed
 line with gaps between each dash. If you would like a solid line try
 entering "<196>" without the quotes (HP Laserjet).  If this does not
 work for your printer you will need to find the ASCII code for a
 horizontal line used with your printer.

 The vertical character "|" works well for the U.S.  country setting
 and some other country settings.  But some country settings replace
 the vertical bar | with accented characters. If you set your country
 code to one of these countries you will need to chose some other
 appropriate character to replace the vertical bar. Try the
 exclamation point, brackets or colon: !  [ ]  : .

 The Report Language is the language which will be used for all
 printed reports. This selection also affects the date entry, as the
 three letter abbreviations for months vary according to the language
 selected.

 Setting the "Pause Between Pages" to YES is only useful if you
 desire to manually feed paper to your printer or print on the
 reverse side of each page.  The most common option is to leave this
 option as NO to print continuously.

 As explained under the individual editor, the date field entry
 format allows you to enter dates under your own desired method and
 the program will automatically convert it to the standard
 genealogical date format of DD MMM YYYY. For a fuller explanation
 see the Date Field under the Individual Editor in this manual.

.ii. Printer Definition

 You may simply select one of the pre-programmed printers from the
 selection list included with the program. If your printer is not in
 the included list, you might try using an Epson printer if you have
 a dot matrix printer or an HP Laserjet if you have a laser printer,
 as these two are the industry standards and many other printer
 manufacturers will make their printer codes compatible with these
 two printers.

 If you find that you must add a printer of your own, simply press
 the insert key.  You will see a new printer added with the same name
 as the printer you were pointing at - with a small "z" after the
 name.  Point at this new printer and press F3. Under this new screen
 you can change the name of the printer and add all of the
 appropriate setup strings. You might wish to view some of the
 included printer setup strings to get an idea of how to enter the
 codes. You must enter ASCII codes in arrow brackets, such as <15>.
 You may enter several ASCII codes in one set of arrow brackets if
 there are commas between them, such as <27,23>. You may also enter
 combinations of ASCII codes and printable characters, such as <27>@.
 When you are finished press escape to get back to the printer
 selection screen. If you changed the name of the printer, it may be
 in a different location now as the program will automatically put it
 in it's alphabetical order.

.F. EXIT TO DOS

 This option will ask for verification before returning to DOS.  (It
 has a short-cut key, Ctrl-X.)

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 6.  F3-EDIT MENU

.A. EDIT MARRIAGE

 You must use the cursor key to point at the individual whose
 marriage information you wish to edit, before pressing the F3 key
 and selecting the Edit Marriage option.  Selecting this option will
 cause the marriage edit window to appear.  (This option also has a
 short-cut key, Ctrl-M. From the main screen, point at the individual
 whose marriage you wish to edit and while holding down the control
 key, press M.) All fields are similar to those explained under
 Individual Editor.  When accessing the marriage screen, if an
 individual's spouse has not already been defined, the 'Edit
 Individual' screen will appear requesting you to add that person's
 spouse prior to editing marriage information.  If a person's sex is
 "?" then you will not be allowed to create a marriage record for
 them.

 If there is a single parent or you do not know the spouse, simply
 add a spouse (as a New RIN), do not enter any information and exit
 the edit individual screen. The individual's name will show up as a
 question mark "?".  This will allow a child or children to be added.

 Please see the earlier material about the Individual Edit Screen
 about the details of adding and removing events; sure, date and
 place fields; and source and document notes.

.B. EDIT NOTES

 From the F3-Edit pull down menu, you can add or edit notes attached
 to an individual. (This option also has a short-cut key -control-N.)
 Just like the Edit Marriage option, you must first point to the
 individual you wish to edit notes for before pressing contrl-N or
 F3.  You will immediately be presented with a wordprocessor. At the
 top it will say "NOTES for " with the name of the individual you are
 adding notes to.

.i. The Wordprocessor

 The wordprocessor in Cumberland Family Tree is used to edit three
 different types of text:

 1. Individual Notes - accessed with Ctrl-N or F3-Edit pull-down
    menu.
 2. Scratch Pad Entries - accessed from the F7-Utilities pull-down
    menu.
 3. Documents - accessed from the F7-Utilities pull-down menu, or
    from a source note screen within the Individual or Marriage
    Editor.

 The word processor consists of 16 lines.  The appropriate method of
 writing is to type continuously without carriage returns at the end
 of lines. The computer will automatically wrap a word down to the
 next line if it will not fit on the current line.  Carriage returns
 (enter key or return key) are entered at the end of paragraphs only.
 You may enter more than one carriage return to put spaces between
 paragraphs.

 The following keys are used during use of the word processor.

 All alpha-numeric and typable symbols.
 Left and Right Arrow keys -
       Moves one character to the left or right, as appropriate.
 Up and Down Arrow keys -
       Moves up or down one line.
 Home key -
       Moves to the first character in the current line.
 End key -
       Moves to the last character in the current line.
 Ctrl-Home (hold Ctrl and press Home Key) -
       Moves to the first line and character of the current entry.
 Ctrl-End (hold Ctrl and press End Key) -
       Moves to the last line and character of the current topic.
 PgUp and PgDn keys -
       Moves up or down 16 lines.
 Backspace key <--
       Deletes the letter behind the current cursor location.
 Del key -
 Deletes the letter at the current cursor location.

 Just as a suggestion, don't put blank lines after text in individual
 notes, documents or scratch pad entries. If there are blank lines at
 the end you may see what look like extra blank lines printed on some
 reports. You can avoid this by pressing Ctrl-End.  This will take
 you to the very end of the entry. You can then delete the extra
 lines if they exist between the last text and the end.  Another
 suggestion is to always put a tab (5 spaces) at the beginning of
 each paragraph in the individual notes. This will match the
 indentations in the Modified Register Report.

.ii. Cut & Paste Features

 The word processor in Cumberland Family Tree also contains a
 powerful cut-and-paste feature which allows you to move or copy any
 text from any individual note, scratch pad entry or document and
 paste that text into the same or any other note, scratch pad or
 document.  The four commands shown at the bottom of the screen
 control the cut and paste features. To clearly understand how the
 cut and paste features work you must realize that there is an
 internal buffer of equivalent size to the text you are editing, 300
 lines. This buffer temporarily holds text so that it can be pasted
 into another text location. I will now explain each one of these
 commands.

 Ctrl-M  - Press down the control key and hit "M". This initiates the
    mark-text mode.  The current character will be
    highlighted.  You may then use the four arrow keys, pgup,
    pgdn, home, end, and ctrl-end keys to locate the cursor to
    the end of the text to be marked.  The beginning of the
    marked text must come before the ending. If you page up or
    arrow up in front of the beginning mark, the mark-mode
    will be exited and you will be back in the regular word
    processor mode.  The escape key will exit the mark-text
    mode with no action taken.

 Del-key - Deletes the highlighted text and copies it to the paste
    buffer.  The paste buffer can contain 300 lines, just as
    much a text entry can contain.  The contents of the paste
    buffer will not be erased until the next Ctrl-M (Mark
    Text) is executed.

 Ctrl-C  - Copies the highlighted text to the paste buffer without
    deleting the highlighted text.

 Ctrl-I  - Inserts text from the paste buffer into the text at the
    current cursor position.

 Text may be cut (deleted or copied) from any individual note,
 scratch pad entry or document pasted into the same or another entry.
 Be certain that pasted text and current text do not exceed the 300
 lines capacity or text may be lost at the end of the entry.

.iii. F2-Copy Menu

 The F2-Copy pull down menu within the wordprocessor is a powerful
 little utility. If you press F2, you will notice three options.

 1. Today's Date and Time: Simply press enter with this option
    highlighted and the current date and time will be written into
    the current document at the current cursor location. Here is an
    example of the date and time format: 8 JAN 1993  7:46PM.

 2. Name and Address: Selecting this option will cause the list of
    addresses to appear. Simply select the name of the person whose
    address you wish to include in your text and press the return
    key.

    For quicker searching than page-down and page-up, simply begin to
    enter the name of the document.  As you enter each letter (which
    will appear in the field at the top of the list), you will see
    the list scroll to the first name which begins with the letters
    entered.

 3. Individual Data: Selecting this option will bring up the
    NameSearch screen. Select the individual you wish and press the
    return key. All information associated with that individual will
    be written in a pre-formatted fashion into your text. The
    following information will be included: RIN; Name; occupation;
    soundex; all event dates, places and sources; all marriages and
    associated events and sources; and parents and children's names.

    At the top of the NameSearch screen, you will see the following
    [Surname, Given]. Simply begin to enter the surname.  You will
    see it appear in the block at the top and the screen scrolling
    immediately as you enter the name. Once the surname is entered,
    enter a comma and a space before entering the given name. You can
    enter as many or as few characters as you wish.  You can page
    down or up from wherever you are.

.C. ADD INDIVIDUAL (NO LINKS)

 There are times when you may wish to add an individual (or group of
 individuals) to your database who is not related to anyone else in
 your database, or rather, you cannot find the relationship but
 believe that at a later date you will find it. You can add these
 individuals with this option.
 Press the F3 key and select the "Add Individual (no links)" option.
 You will immediately be presented with the Edit Individual Screen.
 After you are finished adding a no-link person and have pressed the
 escape key, that person will become the key individual.  You can
 then add a spouse, parents or children if desired.  Since this
 individual is not related to any other in the database, the only way
 you can get back to the other "branch" is to use the NameSearch or
 RIN options at the bottom of the main screen.

.D. INSERT CHILD

 This option allows you to insert a child into the list of children
 on the main screen. First point to the child who was born
 immediately after the child you wish to insert.  (This option also
 has a short-cut key, the Insert [Ins] key.) This command works
 exactly like pressing return on the "--Add Child--" field except
 that it will insert the new individual as a child in the proper
 order.

.E. DELETE INDIVIDUAL

 This option deletes the individual which the pointer is pointing to.
 (This option also has a short-cut key, the delete [Del] key.) Before
 deletion, however, a prompt will request verification.  This command
 will not work if you are pointing at the top individual in a Family
 Group.  To delete that individual, change the family group to show
 him/her as a spouse, parent or child.  Nor can you delete the
 individual with RIN #1.

 There is also an option to delete an individual by entering his/her
 RIN.  Before deletion, a prompt will request verification.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 7.  F4-RELATIONS MENU

.A. RELATIONSHIP CALCULATOR

 The relationship calculator allows you to choose any two individuals
 in the database and calculate their relationship to each other. This
 option only works for blood relations and not for in-laws or
 relations through marriage. If there is no relationship found, the
 screen will tell you that there is no relationship.

 To select an individual press F3 for the top individual and F4 for
 the bottom individual. You may enter the RIN or press F3 for
 NameSearch. After selecting the second individual, the program will
 search the family tree to determine the relationship of the two
 individuals.  There is a limit of 20 generations on the search.  The
 program will tell you there is no relationship, if the relationship
 between the two is further apart than 20 generations.  This
 limitation should not interfere with the vast majority of
 relationship calculations.

 Because of the directions of the tree search in calculating
 relationships, the search will be quicker if you always include the
 most recent generation on top and the earlier generation on the
 bottom. Sometimes, simply switching the order of the individuals
 will greatly improve the search speed.  Be aware that this
 relationship search can take some time searching up and down each
 family branch trying to find a relationship.  The calculator can
 only calculate up to 20 generations away. Beyond that you will get a
 "Not Related" message.

.B. CHILDREN ORDER

 This option allows the children to be sorted by their proper order,
 although they were not entered in the order in which the births
 occurred.  It works very similar to the Multiple Marriages Order
 window.  You simply enter the number of that child to the left of
 the child's name ("1" for the first child, "2" for the second, and
 so on).  Press F9 to re-order the children or "Esc" to Abort.

.C. MULTIPLE MARRIAGE ORDER

 This option allows multiple marriages to be sorted by their proper
 order, although they were not entered in the order in which the
 marriages took place.  It is important to enter the spouses in the
 order of their marriages to the key individual.  A pop-up window
 listing all marriages will appear.  Simply enter the number of
 occurrence of each marriage ("1" for first marriage, "2" for the
 second, and so on) in the numeric fields on the left.  Press F9 to
 re-order the marriages or "Esc" to Abort.

.D. LINKAGE EDITOR

 There are several purposes for the Linkage Editor.  With the Linkage
 Editor you can create a marriage record to link two individuals
 together in marriage when both of them are already in the database.
 In the Linkage Editor you can remove a husband, wife or child from a
 marriage without deleting him/her from the database. In the Linkage
 Editor you can add a person -who already exists in the database - as
 a husband, wife or child to an existing marriage.

 To truly understand how the Linkage Editor works, you must clearly
 understand that while in the Linkage Editor you cannot add or delete
 any individual from the database.  The Linkage Editor only allows
 you to connect or remove individuals from a marriage record.  It is
 only through a marriage record that relationships exist.  There are
 really only two types of relationships: 1) a spousal relationship
 where a person is a husband or wife in a marriage and 2) a child
 relationship where a person is a child of a particular marriage. As
 long as you clearly understand these relationships you should be
 able to manipulate the links which tie individuals together. These
 links are all tied together through the marriage record.  Please
 refer to the chapter on the Database Structure in the Tutorial
 Section of this manual to better understand the database structure.

 To use the Linkage Editor, press the F4 key to pull-down the
 Relations menu. Select the Linkage Editor Option. Upon first
 entering the Linkage Editor you will be asked for the MRIN which you
 wish to work upon. If you enter a zero (0) a new marriage record
 will be created. (As a footnote, you will notice that if you ever
 delete or remove all individuals from a given marriage record, that
 MRIN does not automatically get reused. It will be skipped on some
 reports, like the marriage lists. But if you wish, you can reuse
 that marriage record by calling it up in the Linkage Editor and
 linking individuals to it.)

 If you do not remember the MRIN you wish to work with you may press
 F3 to do a NameSearch to select the marriage. If the person selected
 has more than one marriage you will be presented a screen requesting
 you to designate which marriage.

 After selecting the marriage you wish to work on, the screen will
 display the husband, wife and children of that marriage. (Use the
 page-down key to see children #11 through 20.)

 To "link" an individual to this marriage record, simply point to the
 appropriate "Add"  item and press the return key. You will be
 prompted to enter an RIN.  From this screen you may also press F3 to
 do a NameSearch. See details on using the NameSearch feature as
 explained earlier in this manual. After selecting an individual,
 their name will appear on the Linkage Editor Screen. That person has
 now been attached to the marriage record.

 You may also add an adopted child to the marriage you are working
 on.  To do this, point to the "Add Child" item and press "A" instead
 of the return key.  This will cause the person who is selected to be
 added as an adopted child. The "A" key will not work for the husband
 and wife.

 To "remove" an individual from the marriage record, simply point to
 the appropriate individual and press the delete key.  Remember, this
 does not delete the individual from the database. It merely removes
 his/her "link" or connection to the marriage record.

 When you are done working with a marriage record, you may select
 another marriage record by pressing F3 or press "Esc" to exit the
 Linkage Editor.

.E. MERGE INDIVIDUALS

 Suppose that during your research, you had actually entered the same
 individual twice into the database. The Merge Individual function
 allows you to merge these two records into one. Press F4 to get the
 Relations pull-down menu. Select the Merge Individuals function.
 First you should select the record of the individual you wish to use
 as the primary record.  Secondly select the secondary record. You
 will be presented with a screen asking you to verify the merging of
 these two records before the merge takes place.

 When two records are merged, the name of the individual in the
 primary record is retained. If there is any duplicated information
 in the two records, the primary record takes precedence. Any
 information found in the secondary record but not found in the
 primary record will be added to the primary record. Then the
 secondary record is deleted.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 8.  F5-SEARCH MENU

 The F5-Search pull-down menu allows you to search almost any field
 or record in the entire database.  It is very flexible. All of the
 searches are case insensitive. They will find the word entered
 whether in upper or lower case in the database. All of the searches
 function very similarly.  They will be explained in the groupings
 which are shown below.

.A. NAMES, SOUNDEX, OCCUPATION, PLACE, AND SOURCES

 To do a search, press F5 to get the Search pull-down menu.  Select
 the field on which you would like to search.

 When searching for names, soundex, occupation, place name or source
 notes, you may enter any string of characters that you wish.  The
 search will search sequentially through the database and stop at
 each occurrence of that string of characters. The characters you
 enter can appear anywhere in the field. For example, if you entered
 the name JOHN as an individual name search, you would be shown each
 occurrence of the four letters JOHN.  The search would find all of
 the following names:

 John Fredrick Bean
 Billy John Alfredson
 Samuel Albert JOHNSON

 Pressing F3 to begin a search always causes the search to begin with
 RIN #1. You must press F3 to start a search. Pressing F4 will cause
 the search to continue after the first find. F4 will not work, if
 you have not already pressed F3 to start a search. F4 will begin the
 search with the record following the current find and continuing
 until a new match is found or the end of file has been encountered.
 If the end of file is found before a match is found, you will be
 told the word was not found.  When a record is found you will always
 be shown the RIN and the individual's name. You will also be shown
 the full field entry, for searches other than the name. For example
 if you enter the letters FARM in the occupation search. You will be
 shown the RIN, the individual's name and the full occupation field
 for that individual which might be "Farmer".

 The place search searches for place names only. If you are looking
 for individuals who have a particular place name in an event field,
 then print a place listing with included individual names to find
 this kind of information.

.B. EVENTS AND FLAGS

 Searching for events and flags is a bit different from the searches
 described above. Here I will explain three searches: Events & Dates,
 Events & Places, and Flags.

 When choosing the option to search for Events & Dates, you press the
 F5 key to choose the Event you wish to search, and you enter the
 text you wish to search for in the date field. You may enter a
 number, such as a year (Examples: 12, 1992, 1673), alphabetical
 characters such as a month (Examples: APR, JUN, D, Y) or an entire
 date (Example: 12 JAN 1967). The search will find the record
 regardless of where within the date field the characters entered are
 found, as long as the information is in the event selected.

 When choosing the option to search for Events & Places, you press F5
 to choose the event and F6 to choose the place. All individuals will
 be shown whose event and place names match the ones selected.

 When choosing the option to search for Flags, you press F5 to choose
 the flag to search for and you indicate with a "Y" or "N" what it is
 you wish to search for.  These are the only valid characters to
 search for in a flag field.

 As explained above, you start the search with the F3 key and
 continue a search with the F4 key. Please read the information on
 Names, Soundex and other searches as explained above for details
 about how the search takes place.

.C. RELATIONSHIPS

 The relationship searches are very powerful. You can use these
 searches to find all kinds of information, such as unlinked
 individuals, a person with 10 marriages that you don't remember
 their name, or a marriage with 18 children. There are two types of
 relationship searches, those searching for an individual and those
 searching for a marriage record.  When you select the Relationships
 option from the Search pull-down menu, you will be given a list of 6
 relationship options to choose from:

 1. Individual without parents
 2. Individual with adopted parents
 3. Individual with X marriages
 4. Individual without parents or marriages
 5. Marriage with X children
 6. Marriage with only 1 spouse

 If you choose options 3 or 5 you will be asked to enter the "X"
 value. Once you are in the search screen, you use the F3 key to
 start the search and F4 to continue as previously explained.

.D. TEXT FILES

 A search of Individual notes, scratch pad entries or documents works
 almost identical to the names, soundex, and occupation searches.
 However, with a text file search you will be shown the line number
 within the text where the occurring word was found. The search will
 also continue with the following line, when the F4 key is pressed to
 continue the search.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 9.  F6-STANDARD REPORTS

.A. GENERAL INFORMATION

 All reports are formatted to print on 8 1/2 by 11 inch pages.  All
 reports have been formatted to print with either 10 characters per
 inch or 16/17 characters per inch (compressed). Most reports will
 print at 6 lines per inch, although several are printed at 8 lines
 per inch. All reports have been formatted to provide enough margin
 on the left to allow for punching and/or binding. All reports will
 be printed with the Reports Title entered at the User Information
 option on the F2-File pull-down menu. Please refer to that section
 earlier in this manual. However, when reports are printed from the
 Indexed Book, the reports title will be replaced with the report
 name entered from the Indexed Book screen.

 To create a report, first select the report from the F6-Report menu.
 Whenever a report is created a file is created on the hard drive
 containing the report ready to be sent to the printer. (If you are
 ever in DOS you will notice these files with an RPT extension.)

 In all reports the F5 key will allow you to select the individual(s)
 or records (such as place names or addresses) which you wish to
 include in the report.  If there are no records marked, a message
 will indicate so after the report as read all records.  The message
 will indicate that you must mark some individuals using the F5
 selection.

 Selecting records for printing is very similar in the NameSearch,
 place name selection, address selection, document and scratch pad
 entry selection.  Basically you mark the records you wish to include
 in the report to be printed. From the selection screens the
 following function keys are standard: F2 marks or unmarks the
 individual or record you are pointing to, F5 marks all records in
 the file and F6 un-marks all records. In the NameSearch you can also
 mark or un-mark all ancestors or descendants of the individual you
 are pointing to using the F3 and F4 keys respectively.  When marking
 descendants, the spouse of the descendant will also be marked. After
 marking the records, press the escape key.  As you will notice the
 records marked are always saved from one session to another.  Thus,
 if you are always including a given set of individuals you will not
 need to re-mark them for each report.

 In all reports the F3 key creates the report, the F6 key allows you
 to view the report on screen, the F7 key writes a copy of the report
 to an ASCII file, and F8 prints the report.  All reports may also be
 printed from the view screen, also with the F8 key.  If your printer
 is turned off or you shut it off you will get a red error screen.
 If you select Abort at this point the program will quit and you will
 be dropped down to DOS. You can turn the printer back on and select
 Retry and the program will continue properly. If you ever try to
 print a report that has not yet been created (with F3) you will get
 a message indicating that you must create the report first.

 The page numbering on all reports will always begin with page 1,
 unless the report is created from the Indexed Book.

 I will briefly explain each of the available printed reports and
 only explain the unique features and options of each report,
 otherwise they all function as explained above.

.B. THE ON-SCREEN VIEWER

 From all charts you will notice that the F6 key allows you to view
 the chart on-screen. From the on-screen viewer, you may page-up and
 page-down to move 20 lines at a time (the number of lines shown in
 the viewer). You may also use the home key to go to the top of the
 report and the end key to go to the bottom. Use the left and right
 arrow keys to view information on reports too wide for the viewer.

.C. PEDIGREE CHARTS

 A pedigree chart shows the ancestors of a given individual.  The
 pedigree chart printed from Cumberland Family Tree shows four
 generations (15 individuals).  Each of the individuals in the fourth
 generation may be given continuation chart numbers.  With the
 cascading pedigree charts, you can have the program automatically
 number and print continuation charts until all ancestors of a given
 individual have been printed.

 You may print up to 10 separate pedigree charts in one printing or a
 complete ancestry series of pedigree charts up to 200 charts
 (cascading pedigree).  Enter the "RIN", "Chart number", "Same as
 number" and "On chart number" as requested for each chart desired.
 Since a person on one chart can be continued on a following chart,
 the charts are numbered as are the individuals.  The above mentioned
 fields are available for you to fill in as desired. To better
 understand what they mean, create a chart with 1's in all of these
 fields (except for the RIN).  View the created report on screen and
 notice what is printed in the upper right hand corner of the screen:
 "Number 1 on this chart is the same person as number 1 on chart
 number 1".

 You may select the RIN by pressing F5-Name Search or entering the
 RIN directly.  Press F3 to create.  All charts will be printed until
 the first RIN with a zero (0) is reached, at which point the
 printing will stop.

 To print cascading pedigree charts, enter information in only the
 first record. Then press F4.  All charts will be numbered beginning
 with the Chart number specified and continuing in order from there.
 The individuals numbered 8 through 15 on each pedigree chart will
 contain the proper continuation chart number.  The upper right hand
 corner of each sheet will also show that No. 1 on the current sheet
 is the same individual as the appropriate numbered individual on the
 proper chart number.

.D. AHNENTAFEL CHARTS

 These charts are similar to a pedigree chart but lists ancestors one
 after another. The Ahnentafel Number corresponds to the individual
 numbers on a pedigree chart but extends with more generations. Up to
 40 generations may be printed on the Ahnentafel chart.  Enter the
 RIN (or select from Namesearch) the individual to be shown as number
 1.  All other options work as explained above.

.E. POSTER PEDIGREE

 The Poster Pedigree prints a large wall pedigree chart in sections.
 A diagram explaining how to tape the pieces together will be printed
 on the first page of the report. Only names, and birth and death
 dates will be shown on the Poster Pedigree. Up to 28 generations can
 be shown (7 pages wide), and up to 400 names can be printed, any
 number of pages high, as needed. The chart automatically expands for
 areas where many ancestors have been found and is contracted for
 areas where the lines don't go back very far. This is necessary to
 keep the chart as small as possible since there could actually be
 over 32,000 ancestors 16 generations out.  To print that many lines
 on a page at 8 lines per inch would require a chart over 300 feet
 high!

.F. DESCENDANTS CHARTS

 This chart will list all of the descendants of a specified
 individual up to 14 generations.  All functions of this report work
 as explained in the general information above.

.G. MODIFIED REGISTER REPORT

 The Modified Register Report is a reporting standard initially set
 by the New England Historical and Genealogical Society. It is
 similar to a descendants chart in that it begins with a particular
 person and shows all of their descendants. But it is more detailed.
 The Modified Register Report has a standard method of numbering
 individuals and is written in a text format. The report includes all
 source notes and individual notes. You also have the option to
 suppress the printing of RIN and MRIN numbers. All other functions
 of this report work as explained in the general information above.

.H. FAMILY GROUP SHEETS

 A Family Group Sheet will detail all of the information for a given
 family. This includes the husband, wife and children of a marriage
 with all of the event for the individuals and the marriage.
 Optionally, you may choose to include individual notes, source notes
 and documents on succeeding pages of the report.

 Up to 30 Family Group Sheets may be printed at one time by entering
 the MRIN's of the sheets desired.  Printing will stop when the first
 zero (0) MRIN is reached.  All functions of this report work as
 explained in the general information above.

.I. DOCUMENT/SCRATCH PAD REPORT

 With these two reports you can print out a document or scratch pad
 entry or entries. Mark the records you would like printed with the
 F5 function as explained in the general information above. You may
 also choose whether to start each new entry on a clean sheet of
 paper.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 10.  F6-LISTS & OTHER REPORTS

.A. INDIVIDUAL AND MARRIAGE LISTS

 The individual and marriage lists are very flexible. With these two
 reports you can define which fields from the record to show on your
 lists.  Practically an infinite number of possibilities exist.  For
 some of the longer fields (such as the name field which can be up to
 60 characters) you can define how wide you wish to have that field
 on your report.  Both reports work almost identically, except for
 the names of the fields which are available. Let me explain in
 detail how the Individual List works.  You should then be able to
 use the Marriage List in the identical fashion without further
 explanations.

 For these two reports you must press F4 to define the report before
 you can create the report with the F3 key. After pressing F4 you
 will see a screen which will contain a list of the fields you wish
 to include in the report. If you attempt to run the report without
 selecting a report layout, a message will be presented to you
 indicating that you must define a report with the F4 selection key.
 There are some standard report layouts already created which you can
 select by pressing the F8 key to Get these Layouts.

 The maximum width of the report is 120 characters.  If you include
 fields that add up to more than 120 characters, all characters
 beyond 120 will simply be truncated.

 There are two columns shown. The first column is the actually field
 width. The second column (which will always be larger than the
 first, often by only 1 ) is the number of spaces needed by the
 report to print that field.

 Before actually telling you how to define a report it might be
 easier if you could see a report which was already defined. Since
 you can save and get back the report definitions you design, you can
 pull up one of the reports I have pre-designed for you. You use the
 F7 key to save a report definition and enter a name up to 12
 characters long (spaces are allowed). Using the F8 key you will see
 a list of reports.  I have already pre-defined three reports called;
 LDS Chk List, Missing Info, and Standard. Point at the Standard
 report and press enter to select it.  You can delete these pre-
 defined reports by pressing the delete key when pointing to one of
 them from the Get screen.

 By viewing the Standard report definition and even printing out a
 few names you will quickly see how these reports work.

 Now I will explain how to define a report. As you can see at the
 bottom of the report definition screen, you use the insert key to
 add a field and the delete key to remove a field. As you add and
 delete you will see the current total change.  When you press the
 insert key you will have to select from three options: Individual
 fields, event fields and flag fields. Each of these work a little
 differently, but the best way to see how they work is to go ahead
 and try them. With some longer fields you will be asked to enter the
 length of the field you wish to show on the report. For example,
 although the name field is 60 characters long, most names will
 probably be less than 30. You can enter 30 to allow room for more
 fields to be printed.

 When selecting individual fields, you will be presented with a list
 of individual fields which you point to and press enter to select.
 For marriage MRIN's you can also designate which marriage (since an
 individual can have up to 15 marriages), by pressing the F2 key as
 shown at the bottom to advance the marriage number shown next to the
 marriage MRIN selection.  Once the number reaches 15 it will cycle
 back to 1.

 When selecting Events or Flags you will be presented with the list
 of events or flags to choose from. In the case of Event fields, you
 will also be asked to select what information from an event field to
 include: sure, date, place, source note or document flag (indicates
 whether a document is attached to source note).

 Defining a report is actually quite simple. Once you define one you
 will see how easy it really is, despite the long explanation above.
 After designing a report press escape to get back to the main
 Individual (or Marriage) List screen. Here you then press F3 to
 create the report. The individual report may be sorted by Name, RIN
 or Birthday by entering the first letter of the sort order as
 indicated on the screen.  The marriage report may be sorted by MRIN
 or Anniversary date by entering the first letter of the sort order
 in the same manner.  All other functions work the same as explained
 in the general information in the prior chapter.

 If you can create an individual list, the marriage list is created
 in the same fashion. When pressing insert to add a new field, you
 will not have flag fields for a marriage record. When you select
 marriage fields, the children's MRIN's are selected the same way,
 marriage MRIN's were selected for the Individual List.

 MRINs are not automatically reused. You may notice when printing
 MRIN sorted marriages that some MRINs are skipped. This is because
 all individuals associated with that MRIN have been deleted or
 disconnected from the MRIN with the Linkage Editor. This does not
 affect the database in any fashion. You may reuse the MRIN through
 the Linkage Editor

.B. PLACE LIST

 The place listing allows you two options. You may include or exclude
 individuals names. If you exclude them, you obtain a simple listing
 of the place names which can be used for reference. If you include
 individual names, you have a powerful tool which can help you in
 your research. This type of place list will list a place followed by
 all events which occurred in that location, showing the individuals
 name and the event that occurred there. Suppose you are going to
 visit a certain location and wish to list every person who has an
 event that occurred in that location so that you could do further
 research while you are there, the place list with individual names
 will be the tool to use.

 All functions of this report work as explained in the general
 information in the prior chapter. You may also indicate whether to
 print the names in record number or alphabetically.

.C. ADDRESS LIST AND MAILING LABELS

 With the address list, you can print out a listing of addresses from
 the address database. The mailing labels report is set to be used
 with continuous fan-folded pin-fed labels. These are the kind which
 you usually purchase in bulk, 5000 labels to a box and are only 3.5
 inches wide. A new label is printed every inch to match the spacing
 on these labels.  All other options of these reports work as
 explained in the general information in the prior chapter.

.D. INDIVIDUAL SUMMARIES

 The individual summary includes all information for a particular
 individual. You may print out a multiple summaries for groups of
 individuals by marking the appropriate records through the F5
 function.  All functions work as explained in the general
 information in the prior chapter.

.E. STATISTIC REPORT

 This option produces a one page report with a multitude of
 statistics about your data including; number of individuals,
 marriages, average life span, life span distribution, number of
 history notes, place names, average number of children per marriage
 and more.  Life spans are calculated for individuals with standard
 dates as explained under the section on dates in the Individual
 Editor section of this manual.  You may select portions of the
 database to produce this report on by marking the individuals
 desired. All functions work as explained in the general information
 of the prior chapter.

.F. TIME LINE REPORT

 This option displays a graphical diagram showing the Birth, Marriage
 and Death dates along a time line of selected individuals.  Use the
 Insert-Key to select individuals with the Namesearch screen.  This
 will insert the selected individual after the one the cursor is
 pointing to.  Use the Delete-key to remove an individual from the
 chart.  The left and right arrow keys will move the time line from
 left to right.  A maximum of 50 individuals can be included in the
 time line.

 When exiting this option, the names entered will be saved in the
 file ?????TIM.DAT. If you have changed the birth, marriage or death
 dates of an individual it will not automatically change in the
 ?????TIM file.  In this case, you must use the F2-Update dates
 function to update all the birth, marriage and death dates of the
 individuals selected in the Time Line Report.

 All other functions of this report are explained in the general
 information of the previous chapter.

.G. SURNAME FREQUENCY REPORT

 There is only one way to print this report, so it has no options
 except to create, view and print the report. This report lists every
 surname in the entire database and shows how many males, females and
 total individuals are in the database with each surname.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 11.  F6-INDEXED BOOK

.A. OVERVIEW

 With the Indexed Book Option you can create an entire Family History
 Book. With this option, you can add any of the previously described
 reports (with the exception of the Poster Pedigree and mailing
 labels) to a book. As you build the book, the pages will be
 automatically numbered and all individuals will be added to an
 index.  At the end you can print an index which contains the name of
 every individual in the book, with a reference to every report and
 the page number they are on.

 There are three reports produced from the Indexed Book which are not
 produced in the regular report menus: A Title page, the Table of
 Contents and the Index. The Title page and Contents are always the
 first two items shown in the Indexed Book outline. The Index is
 always the last item shown.  Please refer to the very last section
 in this manual for ideas on outlining and creating your own indexed
 book. The explanations given here will be restricted to the actual
 operation of producing the indexed book.

.B. CREATING THE OUTLINE AND THE REPORTS

 After selecting the Indexed Book option, you will see the required
 three reports already in the outline.  You use the insert key to add
 reports and the delete key to remove reports. You cannot remove the
 required three reports: Title page, contents and index.  Pressing
 the insert key will present you with a list of reports which can be
 included in the book. After selecting the desired report, you will
 be asked to enter the name which you wish to appear at the top of
 each report and in the Table of Contents. You may select any report
 any number of times and put them in any order you wish.

 You will notice that there are three columns of numbers to the left
 of each report in the Indexed Book outline. "Ch" stands for Chapter.
 "Lvl" is the level.  There are only three levels:

 1. The Chapter Level which shows a new chapter in the Table of
    Contents.
 2. The Topic Level which will be indented under the current chapter.
 3. Causes the report not to be included in the table of contents.

 You use the number keys "1", "2", or "3" to change the level of the
 report which you are currently pointing at. With this method there
 is great flexibility built in to allow you to create a Table of
 Contents and Book in innumerable ways.  The third column of numbers
 is the beginning page number for that report. You will notice that
 to begin with there is only one page number: "1", shown on the first
 report after the Table of Contents. You can only create reports
 (with the F3 key) for reports which show a page number, otherwise
 the page numbering would be out of sequence.  After you have printed
 a report, the appropriate beginning page number will appear for the
 report immediately after it and you will then be able to create the
 next report. As each report is created, names printed on that report
 will be added to the index file which will be printed when you
 finally get to the Index and print it.

 REMEMBER also that YOU MUST print to the printer after each report
 has been created, because if you create a second report of the same
 kind, that report will be overwritten in the saved RPT files and you
 will be unable to print out the first report.

 Normally, you would create the entire outline before beginning the
 printing of any reports.  You are not required to do this.  However,
 if you ever add a report prior to one which has already been
 printed, the page numbering from the inserted report on, will be
 incorrect.  The names included on subsequent reports are then
 removed from the index file and you will have to rebuild the
 following reports.

 All reports are created using the F3 key.  You will then be
 presented with the normal screen for creating the appropriate report
 as explained in the prior two chapter on creating reports.  Create
 all of these reports as you normally would.  There are three
 differences to reports created through the Indexed Book:

 1. Page number will be as identified within the Indexed Book.
 2. The title of each report will not be the Report Title from the
    User Information Screen (F2-File), but will be the name entered
    into the Index Book's Table of Contents.
 3. Names included within each report will be added to an index file
    to later be printed when printing the Index from the Indexed Book
    Screen.

 The three required reports are printed in the same fashion as
 explained above. You may print the Title Page at any time. However,
 you should print the Table of Contents and Index last after all page
 numbering has been correctly completed. Press the F3 key and you
 will be presented with a screen looking very similar to most of the
 other report screens. All functions from this screen work identical
 to those explained in the general information at the beginning of
 the reports chapters.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 12.  F7-UTILITIES

.A. SCRATCH PAD/DOCUMENT EDITOR

 Both the scratch pad and document editor are very similar. In fact,
 there is very little difference between a document and a scratch pad
 entry. The only difference is that you can attach a document to a
 source note.  Use the Scratch Pad to write letters to relatives,
 keep To-Do lists or other general notes.

 The list of entries shown are in alphabetical order. If you ever
 change the name of the document or scratch pad, the order will
 change to remain alphabetical. Sometimes you may change a name so
 that it will no longer appear on the current list, but you will have
 to page-down or up to find it again.

 You use the insert key to add a document or scratch pad and the
 delete key to remove the one you are pointing at. After pressing
 insert you will be prompted to enter a title (name) for that entry.
 You can also point to an entry and press the F2 key to edit or
 change the title name. Pressing the enter key at any entry will
 bring up the wordprocessor and you will be able to enter text for
 that entry. See the section on using the wordprocessor in the
 Individual Notes section earlier in this manual.

.B. CREATING ADDRESSES

 With Cumberland Family Tree you can keep a list of addresses.  You
 can also indicate the RIN of people who may already be in your
 genealogy database.  The addresses are kept in alphabetical order,
 just as the documents and scratch pad entries explained above.  You
 use the insert key to add an address and the delete key to delete
 the address which you are pointing at.  After pressing the insert
 key you will be presented with the address entry screen, where you
 can enter name, address and phone number. You can also edit any
 previously entered address by pressing the enter key at any
 selection.

 To include an individual already in the genealogy database, press
 the F2 key and select the person from the NameSearch utility,
 without re-entering their name in the address edit screen. The name
 and RIN will be added to the address list. If the individual address
 you enter is not in the genealogy database the RIN will show 0's.
 When entering a name directly, bracket the surname with slashes "/"
 just as you do in the Individual Editor, so that the names will be
 sorted by surname order.

.C. DATE CALCULATOR

 This option will present you a screen in which you can enter two
 dates and obtain the number of years, months and days between them.
 Or you can enter the beginning or ending date and the years, months
 and date and calculate the other date. The dates you enter must be
 in the standard DD MMM YYYY format for the calculations to work
 properly. You may enter dates in the format selected in the F2-File/
 Program Configuration and the program will convert them to standard
 format after pressing the return key.

 To do a calculation, simply enter the appropriate figures and press
 F5 to calculate the first date, F6 to calculate the second date or
 F7 to calculate the years, months and days between the two given
 dates.

 With F3 or F4 you may also look at a calendar of the date in the
 beginning or ending date fields. The calendar will work for any date
 since 1 A.D. However, all dates are based on the Gregorian Calendar
 and since there was a calendar change in 1752, dates are not really
 valid for dates prior to that time. (See the chapter on Dates and
 Calendars later in the printed manual.)

 Remember that the Report Language selected in the Program
 Configuration affects the valid three letter months used in this
 utility. The month abbreviations are based on the language selected,
 which are the first three letters of each month.

.D. IMPORT/EXPORT FEATURES

 When selecting the Import/Export option on the F7-Utilities pull-
 down menu you will be presented with another menu allowing you four
 options: GEDCOM Import, GEDCOM Export, ASCII Import, Address Import
 and Address Export.  Each of these options will be explained below.

.i. GEDCOM Import

 GEDCOM stands for GEnealogical Data COMmunications.  The GEDCOM
 standard was actually created by the LDS church (The Church of Jesus
 Christ of Latter-day Saints). It has become a genealogy industry
 standard format for exchanging genealogical information.  All major
 genealogy programs will create or read GEDCOM files. With this
 feature you can exchange genealogy data with others, even though you
 may have two different programs.

 A word of caution is in order. Although many programs can read and
 write GEDCOM files, there is a limit to the data that can be
 transferred by this method. All programs cannot accept the same
 data.  For example, some of the special events included in
 Cumberland Family Tree, although they are supported by the GEDCOM
 standard, may not be recognized by other programs because they do
 not have a field for that data. Likewise, some data in a GEDCOM file
 may not be recognized by Cumberland Family Tree. When Cumberland
 Family Tree encounters unknown information in a GEDCOM file it will
 do one of two things.  If the incoming unknown data is associated
 with an individual, it will place the information, including GEDCOM
 tags, into that individuals notes. If there is an unknown record,
 unassociated with an individual, the information will be placed into
 a scratch pad entry. If there are any errors in the GEDCOM file
 concerning relationships, a scratch pad entry will also be created
 noting the individuals with the incorrect relationships. You should
 check these thoroughly and manually correct the relationships with
 the Linkage Editor.

 To import a GEDCOM file, select this option and enter the file name
 and path name (if applicable).  Press F9 to import.  The GEDCOM
 Importer will only include Individuals and Marriages in the GEDCOM
 file.  If there is an incorrect individual or family reference in
 the file these will simply be ignored and only the correct
 individuals and families will be imported.  If you look at a GEDCOM
 file you can quickly get an idea of how it is structured.  The
 important relationship linkages are shown in the partial GEDCOM file
 below:

 0 @I00001@ INDI
 1 FAMS @F00001@
 1 FAMC @F02301@
 0 @F00001@ FAM
 1 HUSB @I00001@
 1 WIFE @I00002@
 1 CHIL @I00010@
 1 CHIL @I00011@

 In a GEDCOM file normally all individual records appear before the
 family records.

 The first three lines above are part of an individual record.  It
 says that this individual with ID number of I00001 is a spouse in
 Family record F00001 and a child in Family record F02301. The next
 five lines are a Family record for F00001. You should have the idea
 now. For accurate relationships, every family record referenced in
 an individual record must be included as a family record in the
 file.  And for every individual referenced in a family record there
 must be a valid individual. Pointers always go in both directions as
 in the example above, ie. in the individual record there is a
 reference to the family and in the family record there is a
 reference pointing back to the individual.

.ii. GEDCOM Export

 Cumberland Family Tree allows three type of GEDCOM Exports. You will
 be presented with a screen allowing you to select one of the
 following three types of exports:

 1. Standard GEDCOM Export
 2. LDS Ancestral File Submission
 3. LDS TempleReady Submission

 Use the Standard GEDCOM Export to create files which you can
 transfer to other programs or to share data with your relatives.
 Use the Ancestral File Submission if you are preparing a diskette to
 send to the LDS Ancestral File. Use the Temple Work Submission if
 you are preparing a diskette to send to the LDS Family History
 Center to request clearance of names for temple work. Actually,
 there is very little difference in the output of each of these three
 formats.  Depending on which option you select, the destination tag
 (DEST) will indicate "CFTREE" (for standard GEDCOM Export),
 "ANSTFILE" for Ancestral File and "TempleReady" for Temple Work.

 All options will prompt you to enter the language used in the notes.
 The language selected as the report output will be shown as the
 default.  Simply press the return key to go on or re-enter the
 appropriate language which you have used for the bulk of your notes,
 sources and other information.

 The GEDCOM Export will create a file with the selected individuals.
 You can use the F5 key to mark the individuals you want exported to
 the GEDCOM file.  GEDCOM files require an extension of GED. You may
 enter the file name with a path name (if applicable). The file name
 must be less than 8 characters. The program will automatically add
 the GED extension.

 A word of caution is in order. Although many programs can read and
 write GEDCOM files, there is a limit to the data that can be
 transferred by this method. All programs cannot accept the same
 data.  Some data in Cumberland Family Tree does not even get
 exported to a GEDCOM file because it is not supported by GEDCOM.
 The specific information which will not get transferred to a GEDCOM
 file includes the flags, scratch pad entries, and addresses not tied
 to an RIN.  Documents only get exported to a GEDCOM file if at least
 one source note points to that document.

 If you are submitting a GEDCOM file for Ancestral File or
 TempleReady, then you should read the chapters in the Section on
 "Climbing Your Family Tree" for further information.

 Please be aware that when you create a GEDCOM file using any ASCII
 characters above code 127 (accented or non-English letters), then
 you must have character set (code page) 850 loaded. Otherwise, the
 output file will not be written correctly. For English-speaking
 countries that do not use accented characters this is not a concern.
 For others, please read the chapter on International Customization
 early in this manual.

.iii. ASCII Text Import

 With the ASCII Text Import utility you can import an ASCII text
 file.  The imported file will be read into the paste buffer used by
 the Wordprocessor and you can paste the text into any individual
 note, document or scratch pad entry.

 To import an ASCII text file enter the file name and path name (if
 applicable). Press F9 to import the text file.  The program will
 import text up to the 300 lines maximum. Anything in the ASCII file
 after the 300 lines are imported will be truncated. After the file
 has been imported, you will see nothing different. That is because
 the file has imported into the invisible paste buffer. Go to any
 individual note, document or scratch pad entry and press Control-P
 to paste the text into the wordprocessor. See the explanations on
 the Wordprocessor and the Cut and Paste features explained earlier
 in this manual.

.iv. Import/ Export Address File

 Use the Import Address feature to bring an ASCII address file into
 CFT. Use the Export feature to create an ASCII address file for use
 by another program. When you export address, you will be allowed to
 use the F5 function to mark the address you wish. The file imported
 or created by CFT contains the following record layout.

 When Importing make certain that the name field follows the
 conventions used in the program: Full name in proper order in one
 field with the surname surrounded by slash brackets "//".  In most
 cases you will probably enter five 0's "00000" into the RIN field,
 indicating no connection to an individual in the database.

 Field Name         Beginning Position   Length
   RIN                     1                5
   Name                    6               60
   Address Line 1         66               40
   Address Line 2        106               40
   Address Line 3        146               40
   Phone Number          186               20

.E. PLACE NAME EDITOR

 Selecting this option from the F7-Utilities pull-down menu presents
 you with a second menu allowing three options: Edit a name, delete a
 place name, match/merge place names. Each of these options will be
 explained below.

.i. Edit Place Name

 This option allows you to edit an incorrectly spelled place name.
 Changing the place name once with this option changes it for all
 occurrences of the place name throughout the entire database.  When
 the window with the list of place names is showing you can press any
 letter of the alphabet and the list will immediately jump to the
 first place name starting with that letter.  Point at the place name
 you wish to edit and press the enter key.

.ii. Delete Place Name

 This option allows you to delete a bad place name.  It may be that a
 place name or part of a place name was accidentally entered in one
 of the edit screens.  Deleting a place name may take a while since
 the program must not only delete it from the place name file, but
 also delete all references to that place name in the Individual and
 Marriage files.  When the window with the list of place names is
 showing, you can press any letter of the alphabet and the list will
 immediately jump to the first place name starting with that letter.
 Point to the name you wish to delete and press the return key. You
 will be asked to verify the deletion before it occurs.

.iii. Match/Merge Place Names

 This option allows you to merge two place names.  If a place name
 has been entered twice with two different spellings they can be
 merged into one place name.  The Primary Place Name is the one which
 will remain after the merging. All occurrences of the Secondary
 Place Name in the database will be changed to the Primary place
 Name.  When the window with the list of place names is showing you
 can press any letter of the alphabet and the list will immediately
 jump to the first place name starting with that letter.  Point to
 the name you wish to select and press the enter key. A final screen
 will ask you to verify the merge before it occurs.

.F. EVENT/FLAG EDITOR

 The event and flag editors are practically identical.  Each of them
 contain a four letter code and a description. In addition the events
 contain a field called the verb. The verb is used in only one
 location - the Modified Register report. This report actually
 translates the data in each record into a narrative explaining the
 dates and places of the events in a persons life. The verb allows
 the narrative to come out in proper English.

 Although you may add and delete from the list of events from the F7-
 Utilities menu, you should realize that the events included are
 VALID GEDCOM abbreviations and that if you add your own to this list
 they will be unlikely to be imported by other genealogy programs.
 See the Detailed Reference section on the GEDCOM Import/Export
 feature.  GEDCOM does not support flags and the flags set in this
 program will not be transferred to a GEDCOM file. You may include
 any type of flag you wish without fear of messing up GEDCOM
 transmissions.

 To edit an event or flag simply use the page-down, page-up and arrow
 keys to point at the event or flag you wish to edit and press
 return.  To add a new event or flag use the insert key.

 These files actually contain several languages of the descriptive
 events and flags. The language you are currently editing is
 dependant upon the report language selected under the Program
 Configuration. If you add events or flags and enter a description
 under the current language, you may desire to go to the Program
 Configuration (under F2-File) and change the language. Then come
 back to the editor to enter the new language description. If you
 will always use only one language, this will not be of concern.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 13.  BACKUP AND RESTORE UTILITIES

 Backing up your data is very important. You can loose months worth
 of work in a split second, if the power goes out, or the files get
 messed up. Keeping a regular backup of your database should be
 followed religiously. Then if you loose some data, it will not be a
 total loss of the entire database. You will be able to restore the
 data to the state it was in at the last time you did a backup.

 Provided with the registered version of Cumberland Family Tree is a
 copy of Haruyasu Yoshizaki's LHA compression utility and two batch
 files: BACK.BAT and REST.BAT.  LHA compresses data, which can take
 up a fraction of the space it normally would take.

 By entering the "BACK" command from DOS, in the Cumberland Family
 Tree directory you can backup the database you desire and compress
 it at the same time onto a disk in drive a or b or another directory
 on your hard drive.  To use the backup command enter BACK, followed
 by a space, the name of the database, another space and the drive to
 backup to.

        Example:  BACK LUND A:

 The restore (REST) works almost the same but the parameters are
 entered in reverse order. For example, to restore the LUND database
 from drive A enter the following command:

        Example: REST A: LUND

 When restoring a corrupt file, the LHA utility will notify you that
 there is a file already existing with the name of the one you are
 restoring. Answer "Y"es to all of these questions to restore your
 entire database.

 One note of caution, if you are exchanging databases with a
 relative.  Before you ever restore a database, the database must be
 listed in the Database Selection screen (from the  F2-File pull-down
 menu).  To restore a database to your drive for which you do not
 already have a database, first go into the Cumberland Family Tree
 program and create a new database with the database name which you
 wish to restore. Then exit to DOS and restore from the diskette,
 overwriting the files which were just created with the ones from the
 backup diskette.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.CHAPTER 14. THE CSORT UTILITY

 The program, CSORT.EXE, is used to fix corruption of any of the
 following user database files:

       ?????IND.DAT   Individual Database
       ?????PLC.DAT   Place Name Database
       ?????SRC.DAT   Source Notes File
       ?????NTX.DAT   Individual Notes File
       ?????ADD.DAT   Address List Database
       ?????DOC.DAT   Document Headings File
       ?????DTX.DAT   Document Text File
       ?????PAD.DAT   Scratch Pad Headings File
       ?????PTX.DAT   Scratch Pad Text File
       ?????IDX.DAT   Indexed Book Index File

 On occasion, you may find that reports or name searches do not work
 properly. For example they may not display names in their proper
 order, or the program may drop to DOS on certain functions which
 access a data file with an "Invalid Key File" error.  Try using the
 CSORT utility to fix the key file corruptions.  To use CSORT you
 must be at the DOS prompt.  Enter CSORT followed by the name of the
 file to fix as per the examples below:

      CSORT LUNDIND
      CSORT LUND2DOC
      CSORT ADAMNTX
      CSORT ADAMPLC

.====================================================================
.APPENDIX A: TROUBLE SHOOTING

 "It doesn't work" may sum up your feelings about a problem, but
 these words are useless if you need help from a consultant or
 programmer.  You can minimize frustration and save time by learning
 to provide specific details that will lead to a solution.

 Remember that nearly 80 percent of computer problems are caused by
 user errors. Before running any software, read the instructions.
 You don't have to read every word just to get started. You can find
 the sections of the manual that tell you how to begin, and those
 that apply to the task you are trying to perform.  With large
 manuals, there is usually a table of contents and an index. Skim
 these to familiarize yourself with the topics that are discussed.
 Then you'll know where to look when you have a question.  With
 shorter manuals, such as those that come with most shareware
 products, go ahead and read the whole thing.  It's embarrassing to
 mail a long letter or make a long distance phone call, only to find
 that everything you needed to know was on page 2.

 Before assuming a program "doesn't work", check a few simple items.
 Is the computer plugged in and turned on? Are all necessary devices
 (such as the monitor and printer) connected properly and turned on?
 Did you spell the command correctly when you typed it? Are you
 logged onto the right disk drive and directory? Is it possible that
 the program has system requirements that you don't meet, such as a
 hard disk, or a certain amount of memory? If memory seems to be the
 problem, do you have "memory resident" programs (also called TSRs or
 "pop-up" utilities) which can be removed from memory? Try running
 the program on a different computer.

 If the program worked in the past, but doesn't now, can you think of
 anything that has changed since the last time you used it?  Have you
 moved the computer or made changes in any of the connecting cables?
 Is it possible there has been damage of some kind, or that files
 have been erased? Have you added any new memory-resident programs or
 device drivers which might cause a conflict?

 If you see an error message on screen, copy it completely and
 exactly.  Don't try to remember it! If possible, make a print-screen
 of the message.  On most computers, you can do this by holding down
 the SHIFT key while you press the PRINT SCREEN key (sometimes
 abbreviated to PRT SC). The purpose of the error message is to
 convey specific information to the programmer so that the problem
 can be solved. Your consultant will need the exact wording of the
 message in order to interpret it correctly.

 Many error messages include an explanation that can help you solve
 the problem yourself. Some error messages are explained for you in
 the program manual.  When reporting a problem, be very specific.

 What were you trying to do?  How did you do it? What did you expect
 to happen? What actually happened?  Exactly what did you do just
 before the problem occurred? What did you do afterwards? What did
 you see on the screen? Have you had different or similar results in
 the past? Can you reproduce the problem and describe the
 circumstances under which it occurs? Is there a consistent pattern
 of some sort?

 I support my users, and am happy to answer your questions and help
 solve any difficulties you may have.  Please understand that there
 is a limit to the amount of help I can give you with software which
 I did not write. If you are having continuing difficulty with DOS
 commands, you probably need to study your DOS manual or contact
 MicroSoft for help. If you are baffled by your menu system, your
 best bet is to talk to the person who installed it, or to the author
 of the menu software.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.APPENDIX B: ERROR MESSAGES

 Cumberland Family Tree was written in a language called "Clarion".
 When an error appears you will normally see a red screen with words
 similar to the following at the top "Clarion Version 2.1 Batch
 2107".  This is the version of the clarion programming language and
 is not important to deciphering the cause of the error. Sometimes
 you might see a message such as "Program Halt".  Try to find your
 error message amongst those listed below. These will be the messages
 which will be helpful in deciphering the cause of the error.

 * "Abnormal Program Termination"
    If you receive this error message when trying to start the
    program it means that you do not have enough free memory.  Try to
    remove drivers and TSR programs until you have enough free memory
    to run the program.

 * "Cannot Execute ...\CFT.EXE"
    If you receive this error message when trying to start the
    program it means that you do not have enough free memory.

 * "Error on LPT1" or other printer port
    If you receive this message when trying to print a report it
    means that your printer is turned off or it is off line. Correct
    the problem and press "R" to retry. If you press "A" to abort,
    the program will stop and you will be dropped back to the DOS
    prompt.  Pressing "F" (Fail) or "I" (Ignore) has no effect.

 * "Insufficient Memory"
    If you ever receive this error message at any time during program
    execution then you do not have enough free memory.  Check your
    memory and try to remove drivers and TSR programs until you have
    enough free memory to run the program.

 * "Invalid Data File"
    If you ever receive this message at any time during program
    execution then your data files have become corrupt.  There are
    only two solutions to this problem. 1) Restore a recent backup of
    your data files. If you do this you will have lost all of the
    work you have done since the backup was made. 2) You can backup
    all data files onto a diskette and mail to me with a $10 fee and
    I will restore your data as best as I can. I cannot guarantee
    that I will be able to recover all of your data. However, in the
    past I have been able to recover all but 5-20 individuals.

    To avoid receiving these errors in the future, be very careful to
    exit the program after each use.  Invariably the cause of corrupt
    data is from turning off the computer or re-booting while the
    program is running.

 * "Invalid Key File"
    This error indicates that one of the key files of the indicated
    data file is corrupt. You can use the CSORT utility to rebuild
    the key files.  Remember to record the corrupted file name shown
    on the error screen before pressing a key top return to DOS.  See
    Chapter 14 on the CSORT Utility in Section 3 for further
    instructions.

 * "Subscript out of Range"
    I hope that you never see this error. If you do or if you see any
    other error not specifically defined in this appendix then please
    call me with specific information as to what you were doing to
    obtain this error. In all likelihood the cause of this error is a
    bug in the program.

 * "Too Many Open Files"
    If you ever get this message it simply means that you need to
    increase the number of files in the CONFIG.SYS file of your root
    directory. Edit CONFIG.SYS and add the lines FILES=40 and
    BUFFERS=20 as indicated in the installation section. Remember
    that you must re-boot the computer for these changes to take
    effect.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.APPENDIX C: SHAREWARE

 This program (as well as other programs produced by Cumberland
 Family Software) is distributed through the shareware channel.
 Shareware is a marketing channel, not a type of software. Shareware
 allows you to try a program out before you purchase it. Shareware
 is copyrighted and you should pay for the program if you continue to
 use it after the trial period.

 As a responsible member of the Shareware Industry, I ascribe to the
 following principles which I adhere to in all my shareware programs:

   1. I will treat my customers with courtesy and respect.
   2. My programs will explain in advance how they encourage payment.
   3. My programs provide ALL features with enough time to allow
      evaluation in typical usage.
   4. My programs allow the customer access to all data within the
      program even after the evaluation period.

 Cumberland Family Software is a member of Shareware Trade and
 Resources (STAR). Cumberland Family Software is also a member of the
 Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure
 that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to
 resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting
 the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can
 help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does
 not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to
 the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442-9427 USA,
 FAX [phone] or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to
 ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.APPENDIX D: Cumberland Family Software Products

.Cumberland Family Tree for Windows
    (Estimated Release: September 1995)
 Trace your family history with names, dates, places, extensive notes
 and photographs. Include source documentation and scanned documents.
 Produce a beautiful Indexed Book that will be a family heirloom for
 generations to come. Automatically produce stories with the
 Ancestral Story and Descendant Story reports. Includes 30 different
 types of reports! Powerful! yet easy-to-use!
    Price  $60.00 US                     [More details below]

.Cumberland Family Tree Professional (for DOS)
 Trace your family tree with this Professional DOS family tree
 program. Include names, dates, places, notes and source information.
 Produce an Indexed Book and include any of more than 15 different
 types of reports.
    Price  $40.00 US                     [More details below]

.Cumberland Diary (for Windows)
 "Keep your personal diary or journal on the computer"
    Price  $20.00 US                     [More details below]

.Cumberland Diary (for DOS)
 "Keep your personal diary or journal on the computer"
    Price  $20.00 US                     [More details below]

.Cumberland Story (for DOS)
  "Write your own or your ancestor's life story"
    Price  $20.00 US                     [More details below]

.JCSM Shareware Collection on CD-ROM
 Three super CD's: Personal, Home & Office contains over 1500
 program; Educational contains over 2000 programs; Games contains
 over 2000 arcade, adventure, action, board and card games! A real
 value for an inexpensive price!
    Price  $20.00 US each or all three for $50.00 US

 To order any of these products call or write (or select Order Form
 from the Help menu):
 For each order add $4 Shipping - US/Canada (Add an extra $3 Shipping
 to locations outside North America).

      Cumberland Family Software
      385 Idaho Springs Road
      Clarksville, TN 37043
      [phone]
      VISA and Mastercard accepted

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.Cumberland Family Tree (for Windows)
    (Estimated Release: September 1995)

 Stories, biographies, photos and TWO manuals, including a sample
     index family history book created with Cumberland Family Tree
     for Windows! A powerful program!
 Trace your family history with names, dates, places, extensive
    notes and photographs. Include source documentation and scanne
    documents. Produce a beautiful Indexed Book that will be a family
    heirloom for generations to come. Automatically produce stories
    with the Ancestral Story and Descendant Story reports. Includes
    30 different types of reports!
 Computer & DOS Requirements: Windows 3.1 or above, 4Mb RAM or more
    Database Limitations: 1,000,000 names, 20 children per marriage,
    12 marriages per individual
 Names: 80 characters max with surnames allowed anywhere in the name-
    beginning, middle or end. Place Names can be up to 200 characters
    and need only be entered once! They can then be selected from a
    pop-up list forever after!
 Life Events: Each individual in your family tree may have up to 250
    events! These events may include birth, baptism, marriage, death,
    burial, LDS events, occupation, immigrations, graduations,
    divorces, addresses, user ID tags, or any other event imaginable.
    Each event contains a date, a place, and a source note.
    Historical or explanatory notes (up to 32,000 characters - about
    10 printed pages) may be attached to each event. (Thus, you could
    write a complete biography on a single individual - up to 2,500
    pages!) Source notes (up to 5,000 characters long) are also added
    to a separate list allowing the same source note to be easily
    selected from a pop-up list for other events and individuals.
    Text or scanned documents may also be attached as sources.
 Photos: Up to 250 photographs may be attached to each individual.
 Other features include: adoptions, Soundex Codes, user-definable
    flags, Relationship Calculator, Date Calculator, Documents, Tiny
    Tafel files and Industry Standard GEDCOM Import/Export. Included
    are also powerful utilities to split and merge databases.
 Individual Notes may be up to about 20 pages (64,000 characters)
    using on-line text editor, which includes a spell checker. (This
    is in addition to the notes allowed on individual events.)
 Reports include:
  * Ancestral Reports: Ancestral Story, Ahnentafel, 4 Generation
    Pedigree (including cascading), 6 Generation Pedigree (including
    cascading), Photo Pedigree.
  * Descendant Reports: Descendant Story, 6 Generation Descendant
    Chart, 14 Generation Descendant Chart, Photo Descendant Chart.
  * Lists: Individual Lists, Family Record Lists, Event Lists, Place
    Name Lists, Description Lists, Source Note Lists.
  * Other Reports: Family Group Chart (may include photos), Photo
    Album, Individual Summary, Statistics, Database Structure,
    Documents.
  NOTE: Story type reports can include an annotated bibliography
    referencing all the source notes and documents.

 An Indexed Book allows you to include all of the reports listed
    above (except for the Poster Pedigree). The Indexed Book creates
    an index of all names printed in the book and produces an index
    at the end showing which reports and page numbers where each
    individual is mentioned.

.TWO Manuals come with this program!
.   * "Cumberland Family Tree User's Manual"
    1. Installation & Quick Start
    2. Tutorial
    3. Detailed Reference
    4. Climbing Your Family Tree
    5. Producing Your Family History Book
.   * "The Lund Family Heritage"
      A sample family history book created with Cumberland Family
      Tree for Windows, shows samples of every report the program is
      capable of printing, with ideas on how to create your own
      family history book.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.Cumberland Family Tree Professional (DOS)
 Trace your family tree with this Professional DOS family tree
    program. Include names, dates, places, notes and source
    information. Produce an Indexed Book and include any of more than
    15 different types of reports.
 Computer & DOS Requirements: DOS 3.0 or above, 640K RAM with 540K
    free
 Database Limitations: 32,000 names, 20 children per marriage, 15
    marriages per individual
 Names: 60 characters max with surnames allowed anywhere in the name-
    beginning, middle or end. Place Names can be up to 60 characters
    and need only be entered once! They can then be selected from a
    pop-up list forever after!
 Other features include: adoptions, occupations, Soundex Codes, user-
    definable flags and events (Birth, Christening, Death,  Burial,
    Marriage, LDS and any other user-definable event), source fields,
    Relationship Calculator, Date Calculator, Address List, Scratch
    Pad Notes  and Industry Standard GEDCOM Import/Export.
 Individual Notes may be up to 5 pages (300 lines) using on-line text
    editor.
 Reports include: Pedigree (including cascading), Ahnentafel, Poster
    Pedigree, Descendant, Modified Register, Family Groups,
    Documents, Scratch Pads, User-definable Individual & Marriage
    Lists, Individual Summary, Address List, Place List, Mail Labels,
    Statistics, Time Line,  and Surname Frequency.
 An Indexed Book allows you to include all of the reports listed
    above (except for the Poster Pedigree & Mail Labels). The Indexed
    Book creates an index of all names printed in the book and
    produces an index at the end showing which reports and page
    numbers where each individual is mentioned.
 International Reports: All reports may be printed in the following
    languages: English, French, German, Danish, Spanish, Italian,
    Norwegian and Dutch.
 The 200+ page printed manual  includes the following sections:
    1. Installation & Quick Start
    2. Tutorial
    3. Detailed Reference
    4. DOS for Beginners
    5. Climbing Your Family Tree
    6. Producing Your Family History Book

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.Cumberland Diary (Windows)

 "Keep your personal diary or journal on the computer"
 This program does not include a manual. All help is in the on-line
    help files.
 Cumberland Diary's main screen consists of FOUR separate TABS:
    Contents, Calendar, Diary and Index. Each Tab provides you with
    access to certain features of the program:
 1. The Contents Tab allows you to search and select diary entries by
    date.
 2. The Calendar Tab allows you to search and select diary entries
    from a perpetual calendar.
 3. The Diary Tab provides you with a text screen where you type in
    your diary entries. It includes   cut & paste, search and spell-
    check features.
 4. The Index Tab allows you to search and select diary entries by
    heading.
 Cumberland Diary includes optional password protection and data
    encryption.
 You may easily import or export to ASCII text files and import your
    old Cumberland Diary (DOS) diaries.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.Cumberland Diary (DOS)

 A full-featured diary/ journal entry program. Includes a printed
    manual of about 70 pages.
  * User-friendly pull-down menus and context-sensitive help.
  * A word processor with cut and paste features.
  * A spell check dictionary (for registered users).
  * Optional secrecy mode with password protection and data
    encryption.
  * Headings can be included for each entry. More than one entry per
    day is allowed. Each entry may be up to 10 pages long (6600
    words).
  * Selections may be made by date or heading.
  * ASCII text may be exported or imported, allowing swapping of data
    with other word processors.
  * Entries may be printed singly, in groups, or as an entire book.
    They may also be imported by Cumberland Story.
  * A multi-entry text search allows you to find embedded phrases
    within the diary entry.
  * Allows multiple diaries.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------
.Cumberland Story (for DOS)

 Write a book about your own or your ancestors life story! Includes a
    printed manual of about 70 pages.
  * User-friendly pull-down menus and context-sensitive help.
  * A word processor with cut and paste features.
  * A spell check dictionary (for registered users).
  * Suggested or user-defined Chapters and Topics with printable
    Table of Contents.
  * Imports text from Cumberland Diary for inclusion in your book.
  * ASCII text may be imported or exported, allowing swapping of data
    with other word processors.
  * A multi-entry text search allows you to find embedded phrases
    within the books chapters and topics.
  * Allows creation of multiple books.

.--------------------------------------------------------------------